P1: News

THE GUARDIAN 

LABOUR/ LIB DEM

(socialist left)

"Our journalism is free from commercial bias and not influenced by billionaire owners, politicians or shareholders. No one edits our editor. No one steers our opinion."

"Challenges the powerful and holds them to account" through hard hitting investigating journalism. 

Less bias because as opposed to being owned by a single billionaire 

Middle- Upper class 24-25 year olds

DAILY MAIL

CONSERVATIVE 

Sensationalist tabloid style reporting for mid-market - traditional 'British Values' and views e.g. traditional family, traditional gender roles, traditional class system all reinforced through media language.


INTRODUCTION TO NEWS: 

What is news?: 

Is the selling of information 

Also a big business

Commercial industry 

Persuasion and influence

Entertainment- shock factor/ hyperbole 

250,000 readers daily mail (1998)

Can't survive without an online addition 

Papers can be the opinions of the journalists and are not legally obliged to be un-bias 

Newspapers follow a code on conduct 

IPS regulate the newspapers

How news has developed as a media product

Some of the first news circulations occurred in Renaissance Europe. These handwritten newsletters contained news about wars, economic conditions, and social customs and were circulated among merchants. The first printed news appeared by the late 1400s in German pamphlets that contained content that was often highly sensationalized. The first newspaper written in English was The Weekly Newes, published in London in 1621. Several papers followed in the 40's and 50's. In 1690, the first American newspaper was published in Boston by Richard Pierce and Benjamin Harris in Boston. However, it did not have permission from the government to be published and was immediately suppressed.

How technology has shaped our access to news

Technology has dramatically changed the way people access information. At one time, families gathered around the TV to watch shows together, and before that, they gathered around radios and told stories around the fireplace. But one of the biggest changes to information consumption has come in the way that people get their news. As a longtime TV and radio reporter back in the '90s and 2000s, I experienced this shifting landscape myself. I started out as a teleprompter and camera operator, before eventually moving to writing and reporting in a newsroom that hadn't even started using digital video yet. By the time I began work at NBC Bay Area in 2006, millions of viewers had already completely moved on to the internet instead of turning on the TV each morning. That shift has only progressed in the years since, with live TV’s audience continuing to shrink. At first, the growth of the internet as a disseminator of news seemed only to mean online duties added to journalists' daily routines. However, over time, it’s meant a fundamental change in the formatting of broadcast news and has also changed the way consumers expect to get their information.

RUPERT MURDOCH:

Born: 11 March 1931 (age 88 years), Melbourne, Australia
Net worth: 21.3 billion USD (2019)
Spouse: Jerry Hall (m. 2016), Wendi Murdoch (m. 1999–2013), 
Children: James Murdoch, Lachlan Murdoch, Prudence Murdoch, Elisabeth Murdoch, Grace Murdoch, Chloe Murdoch
Organizations founded: Fox News, Sky, News Corp
Children have jobs in some of his companies
The Sun, CEO of FOX
4 wives 

LORD ROTHERMERE:



Born: 3 December 1967 (age 51 years)
Nationality: British
Net worth: US$1.19 billion (August 2017)
Spouse: Claudia Clemence (m. 1993)
Children: 6 children
Parents: Pamela Harmsworth, Viscountess Rothermere, Vere Harmsworth, 3rd Viscount Rothermere
Owns the Daily Mail, the metro and more

HOW THE PAPERS REPRESENTED BREXIT

june 26th 2016- we left 

Papers who supported brexit had a union jack on them

Did the press influence the BREXIT result?
REFER TO GERBNER AND HESMONDHALGH

The British press had a huge impact on influencing the public on the Brexit result. Some may disagree but my opinion is that the press tailored their front covers in favour of leaving the EU. They did this by saying "LEAVE" is bold letter filled with the Union Jack or covered the fronts of these papers with the Union Jack. These subtle hints to the public influencing them to leave can relate to theories from Gerbner and Hesmondhalgh To understand how the European and British press covered the Brexit referendum and aftermath, a general knowledge of the differences and similarities of their news is needed. While at least one tabloid over rules in nearly every european country, the UK is not the same where the 3 most read newspapers are 'The Sun', the 'Daily Mail' and the 'Daily Mirror' (all tabloids). Britain's craze with these tabloids originate from the country's regard for their social class and status. While broadsheets and broadcasters are typically consumed by the middle to upper class, tabloids are meant for the working class. And with 60% of Britons identifying as working class, it shows that no wonder tabloids are so popular.
Right-wing ideology dominates British news, outnumbering left-wing thinking from the 'Daily Mirror', 'The Guardian' and 'The Independent'. So that nationalist tabloids hold a considerate political hold and sway the publics opinion. This links in with Hesmondhalgh's theory stating that the public follow the normal capitalist pattern of increasing concentration and integration. Cultural production is owned and controlled by a few conglomerates whoo vertically interrogate across a range of media to reduce risk. Risk is particularly high in the cultural industries because of the difficulty in predicting success.

31.10.19



Explain how the political context in which newspapers are produced, influences their ownership and regulation. Refer to the Guardian and the Daily Mail newspapers you have studied to support your answer. (10)

The Daily Mail is driven by a successful business man who controls the paper and feeds the readers his own opinions. Lord Rothermere and the editor have a close relationship as Rothermere feeds him the influenced leader lines and content. Rothermere is driven by market forces and the need to make profit through sales. This is influenced by the political context of capitalism. The Guardian is owned by the Scott Trust instead of a single person. This type of ownership could arguably show a greater chance to show a freedom in speech for its journalists and an opportunity for the audience to choose a side. The Trust only conducts the formation of the newspaper and doesn't usually have a say in the content or leader lines. The profits are reinvested back into the Scott Trust, and quality of journalism rather than financial allowance is the main goal.

The regulation of the press has become a matter of government policy. Prior to the Leves
News is a commercial industry and is the selling of information. What large newspapers like the Daily Mail and The Guardian do, is

Study sources A and B and then answer all the questions in section A

Analyse the representations in source A and B. Use Van Zoonen's concept of patriarchy in your answer. 

Patriarchy is an arrangement in which men hold social, political and economic power. Van Zoonen argues that in a political society there is a clear difference in how men and women are represented. She also argues that gender is performative and that we recognise masculinity and femininity by what we do and how we behave.

Patriarchy power can be seen in the representations in both sources, The Times and the Daily Mirror. On todays covers the main cover lines are very different. The Times has a main story of "Gang use top schools to traffic Asian girl" which is a title that would get anyones attention. The main story on the Mirror however is not of the same theme. The Daily Mirror show different gender representations of men and women. The image of Rachel Riley that they have used is to show the the ideal mother image. The way that she is dressed up and the way her body language is shown to husband, Pasha. In the image next to them they show a classic "lad" picture. What this could also suggest is that they haven't used any women on the front to represent football. On the cover there is only one image of a woman, the rest are men. This is very controversial and could arguably represent how we still live in a male dominated world. The Times' cover shows 3 women which contrasts the Mirror's petty use of only one woman. However it could be argued that because they are in swimming outfits, they could be seen as more of an desirable object because of the lack of clothes.

SOURCES A AND B COVER THE SAME NEWS EVENT BUT ARE FROM DIFFERENT GENRES OF NEWSPAPER. HOW FAR HAS GENRE INFLUENCED THE MEDIA LANGUAGE USED IN SOURCE A AND B?
The difference in media languages in these two newspapers can be shown through the target audience of each newspaper. It can also been shown through the difference of one being a tabloid and the other

HAVE THE NEWSPAPERS INFLUENCED THE ELECTION?

HALLS THEORY OF REPRESENTATION-
Representation is not about whether the media reflects or distort reality, as the implies that there can be one 'true' meaning, but the meanings a representation can generate. Meaning is contributed by representation, by what is present, what is absent and what is different. Thus, meaning can be contested a representation implicates the audience in creating its meaning. Power- through ideology or by stereotyping- tries to fix the meaning of a representation in a preferred way. To create deliberate anti-stereotypes is still to attempt to fix the meaning. A more effective strategy is to go inside the stereotype and open it up from within, to deconstruct the work of representation.

Sources A and B cover the same news event but are from different genres of newspaper. How far has genre influenced the media language used in Source A and B? (use Hall's theory of representation)

Patriarchy is a system in which men hold social, political and economic power. Hall argues that representation is not about whether the media reflects or distort reality, as the implies that there can be one 'true' meaning, but the meanings a representation can generate. Meaning is contributed by representation, by what is present, what is absent and what is different.  The representations offered in both Sources A and B can be seen to mostly support Hall's theory of representation.
Patriarchal power can be seen in the representations in both sources as the rumours of the UK-US trade and investment dominates the front pages. This reinforces the patriarchal assumption that the stereotypically masculine positions of male leadership and authority are more significant than female roles. The image of Jeremy Corbyn used on The Daily Telegraph shows him in a very bad light which is something that conservative paper, The Daily Telegraphy, would do. 

Although each source constructs the story in a different way, the connotations offered are the same and the way they are constructed further reinforces patriarchy. Both papers select an image of said NHS trade with the US as their main image; he is referred to in both papers as the ‘PM’ or ‘Prime Minister’, anchoring the idea of male authority. 

The Daily Telegraph relies on the main image of Corbyn in close up and a splash to communicate this message to the reader, they use an image of Corbyn that makes him look like he's swearing to show immaturity and how unprofessional . At the bottom of the page two further stories are by named male reporters, reinforcing patriarchal ideas about male authority in response to the lead story but also the social privilege of men within the news industry itself. 

Sources A and B cover the same news event but are from different genres of newspaper. How far has genre influenced the media language used in Source A and B? (apply Gilroy's theory)



These two newspapers cover the same topic of the terrorist attack on London Bridge. They both can relate to Gilroy's theory around ethnicity and post-colonial. The sun's only story on the front cover is an image of the attack and a large cover line of "HEROES OF THE BRIDGE". The word "HERO" can be linked to the war and how Gilroy describes Britain as it has failed to mourn its loss of Empire, creating a 'post-colonial melancholia'. This can also be mirrored in the cover of the Daily Mail by the subtle link to the war with the word "BLITZ".

12th DECEMBER- election day

1. Jeremy Corbyn- LABOUR
2. Boris Johnson- CONSERVATIVES 
3. . - GREEN PARTY
4. . -LIBERAL DEMOCRATES
5. Nigel Farage- UKIP
6. .

Monday the 9th december

• DAILY MAIL BOUGHT OUT THE I 

12th December- election day